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Schedule E
Schedule E

Schedule ESupplemental Income and Loss

4 — Royalties Received Updated for tax year 2025

Does this apply to you?

  • You own mineral rights and receive oil, gas, or mining royalty payments
  • You licensed a patent, trademark, or copyright and receive periodic payments
  • You wrote a book, song, or other creative work and receive publisher royalties
  • You inherited mineral rights on land and receive extraction payments

Easy to overlook

Depletion deduction offsets mineral royalties If you receive royalties from natural resources (oil, gas, timber, minerals), you are entitled to a depletion deduction on line 18 that reduces taxable income from those royalties. The percentage depletion rate is 15% for oil and gas for independent producers, applied to gross royalty income up to the net income limit. Many first-time mineral rights owners report the full royalty amount without claiming depletion, overpaying by hundreds or thousands of dollars. 1 IRS Publication 525 — Taxable and Nontaxable Income

1099-MISC Box 2 income must match your return exactly Payers report royalties in Box 2 of Form 1099-MISC, and the IRS matches this against your Schedule E. If you received royalties from multiple sources, add up every 1099-MISC Box 2 amount. Omitting even a small royalty payment triggers an automated CP2000 notice because the IRS has the 1099-MISC on file. 2 CP2000 pattern — unreported 1099-MISC royalty income

Watch out for this

Reporting royalty income on Schedule C instead of Schedule E. Royalty income goes on Schedule E unless you are in the business of creating the intellectual property (a professional author or inventor whose primary trade is creating and licensing works). If writing or inventing is your business, the income goes on Schedule C with self-employment tax. If you passively receive royalties from past work or inherited rights, Schedule E is correct and no self-employment tax applies.

Footnotes

  1. IRS Publication 535, Business Expenses, Depletion. https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p535.pdf

  2. IRS CP2000 Notice, Automated Underreporter Program. https://www.irs.gov/individuals/understanding-your-cp2000-notice

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